临泽站河西走廊内陆河流域生态水文研究进展

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00361

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

临泽站地处河西走廊中段、中国第二大内陆河黑河流域中游，是国内较早定位开展干旱区生态水文学研究的野外台站，也是中国内陆河流域生态水文研究的缩影。本文梳理了临泽站“生态水文学”学科的引入及干旱区生态水文研究科学问题的凝练过程，综述了在干旱区植被耗水及绿洲生态需水，祁连山北坡森林格局、过程及其水文学机制，山地生态系统对气候变化的响应，荒漠植被演变过程及其稳定性维持的生态水文机理，荒漠生态系统对降水的响应，荒漠河岸林格局、结构和功能变化及其对地下水和地表水的响应等方面的研究进展，提出应在山地、荒漠、绿洲相对独立的单元研究基础上，探讨内陆河流域山水林田湖草沙体系景观格局、要素组成、系统效率及耦合关系，解析林、沙、草、水、湖、田等要素间相互作用及尺度效应，模拟不同水资源配置情景下系统的稳定性与生态效益，阐明从典型小流域到内陆河流域山水林田湖草沙系统协同与权衡的生态水文机制，关注祁连山-河西走廊-阿拉善高原三大地貌单元物质迁移与生态响应，关注外流域调水与绿洲农业可持续发展的途径与技术。

关键词: 生态水文, 内陆河流域, 荒漠, 绿洲, 山地

Abstract:

The Linze Inland River Basin Research Station （Linze Station） is located in the middle section of the Hexi Corridor， in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin， China's second-largest inland river basin. It is one of the earliest field stations dedicated to ecohydrology research in arid regions and represents a microcosm of ecohydrology studies in inland river basins in China. This paper reviews the introduction of the discipline of “Ecohydrology” at the Linze Station and the process of refining scientific questions in arid region ecohydrology research. It summarizes the research progress on arid region vegetation water consumption and oasis ecological water demand； forest patterns， processes， and hydrological mechanisms on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains； the response of mountain ecosystems to climate change； desert vegetation evolution and the ecohydrology mechanisms for maintaining stability； desert ecosystems' responses to precipitation； the pattern， structure， and functional changes of riparian forest ecosystems in deserts， as well as their responses to groundwater and surface water. It proposes that， based on research on relatively independent units of mountains， deserts， and oases， the landscape patterns， component elements， system efficiency， and coupling relationships of the mountain-water-forest-field-lake-grass-sand system in inland river basins should be explored. The interactions between forest， sand， grass， water， lakes， and fields， as well as scale effects， should be analyzed. The stability and ecological benefits of the system under different water resource allocation scenarios should be simulated. The ecohydrology mechanisms of the coordinated and trade-off systems from typical small watersheds to inland river basins， such as the Qilian Mountains， Hexi Corridor， and Alashan Plateau， should be clarified， with a focus on material migration and ecological responses across the three geomorphic units. The study should also address the pathways and technologies for inter-basin water diversion and sustainable oasis agriculture.

Key words: ecological hydrology, inland river basin, desert, oasis, mountains

中图分类号:

赵文智, 何志斌. 临泽站河西走廊内陆河流域生态水文研究进展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(1): 1-10.

Wenzhi Zhao, Zhibin He. A review of ecohydrology research progress at Linze Station in the inland river basins of the Hexi Corridor[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(1): 1-10.

图/表 5

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科学问题	生态指标	水文指标
植被结构	盖度、高度、密度、长势、生产力、根系状况、更新能力	土壤湿度、水分活动层深度、降水响应
生物多样性	丰富度、均匀度、变异性、生活型	土壤水分垂直变异性、降水入渗深度、土壤水分异质性
生态系统功能	防风固沙功能、结皮厚度、局地起沙风速、土壤动物活动	降水的水平再分配（植被冠层、土壤表层）
生态适应（抵抗力）	气孔对降水和土壤湿度的调节（C₄与C₃）	土壤水力传导度、优先流、植物水分阻力
生态恢复（恢复力）	种子库、自然更新能力、忍受沙埋极限、忍耐干旱极限	去除植被后土壤水库恢复过程与时间
生态系统稳定性	自疏过程、植被组合、稳定性	降水脉动、土壤水分补给

科学问题	生态指标	水文指标
植被结构	盖度、高度、密度、长势、生产力、根系状况、更新能力	土壤湿度、水分活动层深度、降水响应
生物多样性	丰富度、均匀度、变异性、生活型	土壤水分垂直变异性、降水入渗深度、土壤水分异质性
生态系统功能	防风固沙功能、结皮厚度、局地起沙风速、土壤动物活动	降水的水平再分配（植被冠层、土壤表层）
生态适应（抵抗力）	气孔对降水和土壤湿度的调节（C₄与C₃）	土壤水力传导度、优先流、植物水分阻力
生态恢复（恢复力）	种子库、自然更新能力、忍受沙埋极限、忍耐干旱极限	去除植被后土壤水库恢复过程与时间
生态系统稳定性	自疏过程、植被组合、稳定性	降水脉动、土壤水分补给

国家战略需求	目标	科学问题
水土资源与国土空间配置	干旱区水土资源利用、山地-荒漠-绿洲协同管理	干旱区绿洲水效益、水平衡、水管理；要素构成、运作效率、恢复力、可持续性；绿洲生源要素运移、连通性及环境效应
能源基地生态保护与风险评估	风光电建设生态风险评估与生态恢复	光电、风电场的环境影响及生态风险评估；能源基地生态恢复、重建及保护技术
区域生态系统保护	自然保护区、国家公园建设的科学依据	山水林田湖草沙生命共同体格局、要素构成及效能协同与权衡；干旱区典型生态环境监测、预警及评估；干旱区生态系统适应性管理的理论基础
黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展“一带一路”生态环境	水生态与水环境关键生态系统对水环境的响应与适应	湿地-农田的水分交换及溶质运移；面源污染、盐渍化调控；北方风沙区水土保持；中亚地下水变化对荒漠化的影响

国家战略需求	目标	科学问题
水土资源与国土空间配置	干旱区水土资源利用、山地-荒漠-绿洲协同管理	干旱区绿洲水效益、水平衡、水管理；要素构成、运作效率、恢复力、可持续性；绿洲生源要素运移、连通性及环境效应
能源基地生态保护与风险评估	风光电建设生态风险评估与生态恢复	光电、风电场的环境影响及生态风险评估；能源基地生态恢复、重建及保护技术
区域生态系统保护	自然保护区、国家公园建设的科学依据	山水林田湖草沙生命共同体格局、要素构成及效能协同与权衡；干旱区典型生态环境监测、预警及评估；干旱区生态系统适应性管理的理论基础
黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展“一带一路”生态环境	水生态与水环境关键生态系统对水环境的响应与适应	湿地-农田的水分交换及溶质运移；面源污染、盐渍化调控；北方风沙区水土保持；中亚地下水变化对荒漠化的影响